Animals adapted to all kind of ecosystems such as forest, steppe, desert, alpine, tundra, talus and water surrounding grove, have established themselves in Mongolia. Many animals, which are frequently spread throughout the Siberian taiga, European-type forests, western Asia and Turan desert, are included in the aforementioned animals.

There is some scientific supposion that horses originated in Mongolia. The ancestor of hoofed animals — toe-nailed animals (condylarter) was found in 1924 in Mongolia by Andrew's expedition. Later, international expeditions have found proof of these suppositions in Mongolian territory and have made a comparative research.

Camels are divided into 5 types. Camels in Mongolia are of the two-humped Bactrian variety. They have traditionally been important for transport (they are used for moving gers) and status, but have been steadily reducing in numbers, perhaps because of the introduction of mechanized transport.

The Mongolian goat is a beneficial livestock that has high effectiveness and independent capabilities. Goats account for 20 percent of Mongolian livestock. But since 1990 numbers of ox have increased substantially, horses increased a little, sheep decreased, camel stayed the same but goats increased by leaps and bounds.

The Takhi are the last remaining wild horses worldwide. It is also known as the (named after the Russian explorer who first discovered the horse in 1878 in Mongolia) is probably the most recognised and successful symbol of the preservation and protection of Mongolia's diverse and unique wildlife.

The main part of Mongolian livestock is the sheep flock. Sheep herding in Mongolia is one of the biggest in the world. By number of sheep per population Mongolia is the third after Australia and New Zealand. Mongolia has about 15 million of sheep. Annual demand of Mongolia in mutton is 5 million head of sheep.

The total numbers of livestock (sheep, goat, camels, horses and cattle) reached 32.9 million in 1998. 129 million hectares of land is designated as agricultural land of which 326.6 thousand hectares is cropped. 194.9 thousand tons of wheat, 65.2 thousands tons of potato and 45.7 thousand tons of vegetables were harvested in 1998.

More than 330 species from this are migratory and the remaining 104 species inhabit Mongolia year-round. Approximately 50 species migrate through Mongolia and 20 species are observed here occasionally. Approximately 50 species migrate through Mongolia and 20 species are observed here occasionally.

According to a comparative survey on breeding of Gobi bear the male begins to breed from five years and the female starts from four years. Scientifically effective measures for protecting the Gobi bears' genetic resources are required.