By the end of 2002, the Mongolian population reached 2,475,400, an increase of 1.4 percent compared to the previous year. Currently, 49.6 percent of the population are male and 50.4 percent are female. In 2002, the percentage of population aged under 15 years was 32.6%, aged 15-64 years 63.9% and aged 65 years and over was 3.5%.

Mongolian population is homogeneous, with Mongol-speaking people constituting 95% of the total. The only substantial non-Mongol group, representing over 5% of the population, is the Kazakhs, a Turkish-speaking people dwelling in the far West. A Chinese minority lives in Ulaanbaatar. Mongolians can be subdivided into more than 20 different ethic groups, which are scattered across the country. These groups can be distinguished by their individual customs, histories and dialects.

50.5 percent or 1,232,800 of Mongolia's population are women. 61,300 women of those head the family. The educational achievement of women is improving year by year. To date, 11.8 percent of Mongolian parliament members, 9.1 percent of deputy ministers, 16.9 percent of chiefs of agencies and organizations, 4.5 per cent of presidents of Citizens' Representative Meetings of city and aimags and 3.3 per cent of governors of aimags and districts are women.