Historic evidence shows us that with the loss of the last Bogd Khan, we also lost our last aristocrats, domestic as well as foreign. We lost also our independence and our third neighbor. The history of that time can give us a lesson for the future. On December 1, 1911, Outer Mongolia in effect proclaimed its independence on the basis that its allegiance had been to Manchuria, not to China.

The name “Mongol” came to ancient history...

In the third century BC a state of the Huns based on the Mongolian tribes took shape. The Huns controlled a vast territory that included Baigali Lake, dense forest taiga (today’s Siberia) in the north, reaching the Great Wall of China in the south, Korea in the east and II Tarvagatain mountain range in the west. Though historical chronicles and ancient historians did not recognize the Mongolian tribal union as a state, as it concerns the Huns’ political, economic, social relations system it could be viewed as the first state formation in the history of the Mongolian tribes.

Before waging war, Genghis Khan closely studied the power and size of the army, its arms and weapons, people’s attitude and moral of the target state, pastureland and weather on the way to reach the destination. he main troops of the army were cavaliers. All cavalrymen carried a sharpener, needle, thread and chisel along with arch and bow.

The Mongol empire was governed by a code of law called the “Great Yasa” which had provisions about electing the Khan, establishing and maintaining relationships with other countries, organizing the Ikh Khurildai (grand council), setting obligatory duties for serfs and people, and many others. The superior owner of land in Mongolia was Genghis Khan. At that time, there were three types of land ownership.

In accordance with the Great Khan's last will, the Mongol Empire was divided among his four sons. His eldest son, Zuchi, received the lands west of the Irtysh River. His second son, Tsagaadai, inherited the territory between the rivers Amudarya and Syrdarya. His third son, Ugudei, was given possession of western Mongolia and Tarbagatai. By tradition, the youngest son, Tului, obtained his father's ancestral land.