Genghis Khan organized his army in divisions of tens. This system already existed between nomadic tribes at that time; one of ten leads others, ten tens were subject to the chief of a hundred, ten hundreds to the chief of a thousand, and ten thousands to the chief of ten thousand respectively. The Mongol military organization was based on the dividing of troops and units into groups of ten, hundred, thousand and ten thousand.

The Mongol empire was governed by a code of law called the “Great Yasa” which had provisions about electing the Khan, establishing and maintaining relationships with other countries, organizing the Ikh Khurildai (grand council), setting obligatory duties for serfs and people, and many others. The superior owner of land in Mongolia was Genghis Khan. At that time, there were three types of land ownership.

Among nomads, the Mongol Empire did not emphasize the importance of ethnicity and race in the administrative realm, instead adopting an approach grounded in meritocracy. The creation of the Great Mongol State opened up trade and commerce on a scale almost never seen before. These trade routes were used by not only traders but also dignitaries and missionaries.

The supreme power rested in the hands of Genghis. However a hierarchy of power existed in positions such as Prime Minister or State Van, State Judge, Ministers and State shaman. The nine courtiers or “champs” who served loyal to the Khan were honored in the state. All champs were freed from any form of taxes.