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Modern History of Mongolia |
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 The Eighth Jebtzun Damba, who was known the Bogd Khaan (Holy King) declared Mongolian independence from China on 1 December 1911 right after the fall of Qing, China's last dynasty. Chinese government did not recognize this independence, but it was full of own domestic chaos. On 25 May 1915, Treaty of Khyagta was signed by Mongolia, China and Russia. The treaty granted Mongolia as limited autonomy.
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Mongolian Historical Figures |
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mosimage}With the fall of the Manchu dynasty in 1911, the Mongolians proclaimed their independence in December. Fighting against the Chinese, with some aid from the Russians (which was given belatedly), was to continue until August of 1912. Further fighting was to take place in 1913, but this was in present-day Inner Mongolia, and was part of an attempt to create a pan-Mongol state.
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 Kublai, younger brother of Mongke Khan , was born in 1215 and became Khan in 1260. Kublai Khan transfered the capital of Great Mongolia’s Empire to Beijing and launched the Yuan dynasty which ruled Mongolia, China, and Tibet. He ruled better than his predecessors, promoting economic growth with the rebuilding of the Grand Canal, repairing public buildings, and extending highways.
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 Temuujin, the first-born son of Yesukhei and Oulun, was born in 1162 at a place named Deluun Boldog, located on the upper reaches of the Onon river. The largest Mongolian tribes at that time were the Khamag (Whole) Mongols, The Khereid, Merged, Naiman, Tatars and others. The basic wealth of the Mongolian cattle-raising tribes consisted of sheep, goats, horses and cattle.
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 The first significant recorded appearance of nomads came late in the third century B.C. Then various proto-Mongolian tribes such as the Xiongnu. Dunhu, Hun yi and Di lived on the present territory of Mongolia. These nomadic people, in the steppes north of the Gobi, were so warlike that they caused the Chinese to build a 2,300 km Great Wall long their northern border as a barrier to further incursions.
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