One third of the Mongolian population is below 15 years old and the rest is between 15 and 64 years old, only 3.7% is 65 years and over. Currently 49.6 percent of the population are male and 50.4 per cent are female. The percentage of children between 0-14 in the population decreased by 13.8%, while the percentage of elders tended to double. Ulaanbaatar city has a younger population and the eastern part of Mongolia has an older population.

The growth of the population of labor age has been increasing. Even if the increase reduces social burdens in population structure, it also affects Mongolia's current situation by increasing unemployment. The employment level is intended to be increased by means of promoting the economic growth in recent years.