There are traditional Mongolian string and wind instruments, as well as drums and gongs. Mongolians have made their music through the ages using metal, stone, bamboo, leather and wood. The most popular musical instrument is Morin Khuur (horse fiddle) which is said to represent the movement and sounds of a horse.

Traditional Mongolian instruments include:

- Morin Khuur (horse head-decorated 2-string cello)
- Modon tsuur (string instrument)
- Yatga (psaltery-like horizontal string instrument)
- Limbe (flute)
- Shudarga (3-string sitar-technique instrument)
- Yochin (multi-string horizontal instrument with echoing box)
- Khuuchir (cittern-like string instrument)
- Tumurkhuur or khulsankhuur (metal or bambuu leaf resonance based instrument)
- Buree (trumpet-like instrument)
- Bishguur (cow horn flute)
- Tsan khengereg (drum)